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Alconétar Bridge : ウィキペディア英語版
Alconétar Bridge

The Alconétar Bridge (Spanish: ''Puente de Alconétar''), also known as Puente de Mantible, was a Roman segmental arch bridge in the Extremadura region, Spain. The ancient structure, which featured flattened arches with a span-to-rise ratio of 4–5:1, is one of the earliest of its kind.〔; ; 〕 Due to its design, it is assumed that the bridge was erected in the early 2nd century AD by the emperors Trajan or Hadrian, possibly under the guidance of Apollodorus of Damascus, the most famous architect of the time.〔; ; 〕
The almost 300 m long Alconétar Bridge served as a crossing point for the Roman ''Via de la Plata'', the most important north-south connection in western Hispania, over the Tagus, the longest river of the Iberian peninsula. It presumably remained in service until the Reconquista, after which numerous early modern reconstruction attempts by Spanish engineers failed. The ruins, which were mainly to be found on the right river bank, were relocated from their original position in 1970 when the Alcántara reservoir was created.
== Location and road access ==

The historic Alconétar Bridge, which should not be confused with the monumental Alcántara Bridge further downstream, spanned the Tagus not far from the mouth of the Almonte, in the heart of the Spanish Cáceres Province in the Extremadura region. A modern motorway and a railway, which cross the Tagus in the immediate vicinity, underline the historical importance of this crossing point between northern and southern Spain.〔 During the building of the Alcántara Dam in 1970, the remains of the bridge were moved from their original site to a meadow six kilometers to the north, close to the municipality of Garrovillas de Alconétar. By contrast, few traces are left of the neighbouring ancient bridge over the river Almonte.
In the classical period, the Alconétar Bridge was part of the Roman road ''Iter ab Emerita Caesaraugustam'', that was later called ''Via de la Plata''. This important inner Iberian connection led from the provincial capital Mérida in the south, through the river valleys of Alagón, Tiétar and Tagus to the north, then on to the western part of Meseta Central, passing the major town of Salamanca. Its terminal point was Astorga in north-western Spain.〔 The Via de la Plata was one of the four main routes which were established by Augustus (30 BC–14 AD) and his successors for military control of the peninsula and for facilitating the exploitation of the rich Spanish silver and gold mines.〔
Apart from the junction over the Tagus, the remains of four other ancient bridges can be found along the road: one over the Albarregas, another over the Aljucén, a third close to Caparra and a fourth over the Tormes. In the hills overlooking the Alconétar Bridge, a Roman mansio with the name of ''Turmulus'' (Spanish: "Ad Túrmulos") was established, according to the then customary distance intervals.〔 It was the fourth of a total number of sixteen between Mérida and Astorga.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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